A skin check is a comprehensive physical examination performed by a healthcare professional—typically a General Practitioner or a Dermatologist—to identify suspicious lesions that may indicate skin cancer. During the procedure, the clinician uses a specialised magnifying tool called a dermatoscope to examine the micro-structures of moles and spots that are invisible to the naked eye [1]. This process allows for the early detection of melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which is critical for successful treatment outcomes in the high-UV Australian environment [2].
For most Australian adults, an annual professional skin check is recommended, especially for those over the age of 40 or those with fair skin types [3]. However, the frequency should be personalised based on individual risk factors. Individuals with a personal or family history of melanoma, a high count of atypical naevi (moles), or those who are immunocompromised may require checks every 3 to 6 months as directed by their specialist [4]. Regular self-monitoring between professional appointments is also vital to recognise any evolving lesions using the ABCDE (Asymmetry, Border, Colour, Diameter, Evolving) criteria [2].
From a clinical perspective, the skin check relies on dermoscopy to bridge the gap between clinical macro-observation and histopathological analysis. Dermoscopy utilises polarised or non-polarised light to neutralise surface reflection from the stratum corneum, allowing visualisation of specific morphological patterns such as pigment networks, globules, and vascular structures within the epidermis and papillary dermis [1]. This increases diagnostic sensitivity for melanoma by up to 35% compared to visual inspection alone [5].
Australia experiences some of the highest ambient UVR (Ultraviolet Radiation) levels globally, leading to high rates of DNA photodamage. UV-induced mutations, particularly C→T transitions at dipyrimidine sites, drive the oncogenesis of keratinocyte-derived cancers and melanocytic malignancies [4]. Professional surveillance aims to intercept these malignancies during the horizontal growth phase before they invade deeper dermal layers, where the risk of lymphatic metastasis increases significantly [3].
While a professional skin check is the most vital step in your sun defence strategy, supporting the skin’s natural barrier resilience can further assist in maintaining long-term health. For those looking to support a balanced complexion after time spent in the Australian sun, our Balance Biome Crème was formulated with Niacinamide and Bifida Ferment Lysate to nurture the skin's microbiome, while the Cellular Thread serum utilises Kakadu Plum and a specialised peptide complex to aid in youth-maintenance and luminosity.
FAQ
What happens if a suspicious spot is found during a skin check?
If a clinician identifies a lesion with suspicious features, they may perform a biopsy—either a punch biopsy or an excisional biopsy—to obtain a tissue sample for histopathological analysis [2]. In some cases, sequential digital dermoscopic imaging (SDDI) is used to monitor 'lesions of concern' over several months to detect subtle morphological changes that indicate malignancy [5].
Who is at the highest risk of developing skin cancer in Australia?
High-risk individuals include those with Type I or II skin (fair skin that burns easily), a history of severe blistering sunburns in childhood, and those with more than 100 moles [3]. Furthermore, Australians taking immunosuppressive medications or those with a first-degree relative who has had melanoma are at a significantly elevated risk and should adhere to a strict surveillance schedule [4].
Does a skin check include the whole body?
Yes, a thorough professional skin check requires the patient to undress to their underwear so the clinician can examine all areas, including the scalp, between the toes, and the soles of the feet [1]. Skin cancers can occasionally develop in areas not frequently exposed to the sun, such as the subungual (under nail) regions or mucosal surfaces [2].
References:
[1] Argenziano G, et al. Dermoscopy of pigmented skin lesions: Results of a consensus meeting via the Internet. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2003;48(5):679-693. doi:10.1067/mjd.2003.281
[2] Cancer Council Australia. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of melanoma. 2020. Available at: https://wiki.cancer.org.au/australia/Guidelines:Melanoma
[3] Watts CG, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of melanoma: keratinocyte cancer. Medical Journal of Australia. 2019;211(3):113-114. doi:10.5694/mja2.50259
[4] Whiteman DC, et al. The epidemiology of melanoma induced by different patterns of sun exposure. Archives of Dermatology. 2003;139(12):1562-1566. doi:10.1001/archderm.139.12.1562
[5] Kittler H, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy. The Lancet Oncology. 2002;3(3):159-165. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(02)00679-4
Medical Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any new skincare regimen. Content reviewed by a biomedical scientist.
